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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 5, 2978-2987, January 29, 1999
From the In Azotobacter vinelandii, deletion
of the fdxA gene, which encodes ferredoxin I (FdI), leads
to activation of the expression of the fpr gene, which
encodes NADPH-ferredoxin reductase (FPR). In order to investigate the
relationship of these two proteins further, the interactions of the two
purified proteins have been examined. AvFdI forms a
specific 1:1 cross-linked complex with AvFPR through ionic
interactions formed between the Lys residues of FPR and Asp/Glu
residues of FdI. The Lys in FPR has been identified as
Lys258, a residue that forms a salt bridge with one of the
phosphate oxygens of FAD in the absence of FdI. UV-Vis and circular
dichroism data show that on binding FdI, the spectrum of the FPR flavin is hyperchromatic and red-shifted, confirming the interaction region
close to the FAD. Cytochrome c reductase assays and
electron paramagnetic resonance data show that electron transfer
between the two proteins is pH-dependent and that the
[3Fe-4S]+ cluster of FdI is specifically reduced by NADPH
via FPR, suggesting that the [3Fe-4S] cluster is near FAD in the
complex. To further investigate the FPR:FdI interaction, the
electrostatic potentials for each protein were calculated. Strongly
negative regions around the [3Fe-4S] cluster of FdI are
electrostatically complementary with a strongly positive region
overlaying the FAD of FPR, centered on Lys258. These
proposed interactions of FdI with FPR are consistent with cross-linking, peptide mapping, spectroscopic, and electron transfer data and strongly support the suggestion that the two proteins are
physiological redox partners.
Complex Formation between Azotobacter vinelandii
Ferredoxin I and Its Physiological Electron Donor
NADPH-Ferredoxin Reductase
,
Department of Molecular Biology and
Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 and
the § Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research
Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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