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J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 53, 37533-37537, December 31, 1999
Stabilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cytochrome
c551 by Systematic Amino Acid Substitutions
Based on the Structure of Thermophilic Hydrogenobacter
thermophilus Cytochrome c552*
Jun
Hasegawa §,
Hideto
Shimahara¶,
Masayuki
Mizutani ,
Susumu
Uchiyama¶,
Hiroyuki
Arai **,
Masaharu
Ishii ,
Yuji
Kobayashi¶,
Stuart J.
Ferguson ,
Yoshihiro
Sambongi  §§, and
Yasuo
Igarashi
From the Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,
Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, the ¶ Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, the
Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 113-0032, Japan, and the  Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford,
Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
A heterologous overexpression system for
mesophilic Pseudomonas aeruginosa holocytochrome
c551 (PA c551) was
established using Escherichia coli as a host organism.
Amino acid residues were systematically substituted in three regions of
PA c551 with the corresponding residues from
thermophilic Hydrogenobacter thermophilus cytochrome
c552 (HT c552), which
has similar main chain folding to PA c551, but
is more stable to heat. Thermodynamic properties of PA
c551 with one of three single mutations (Phe-7
to Ala, Phe-34 to Tyr, or Val-78 to Ile) showed that these mutants had
increased thermostability compared with that of the wild-type. Ala-7
and Ile-78 may contribute to the thermostability by tighter hydrophobic packing, which is indicated by the three dimensional structure comparison of PA c551 with HT
c552. In the Phe-34 to Tyr mutant, the hydroxyl
group of the Tyr residue and the guanidyl base of Arg-47 formed a
hydrogen bond, which did not exist between the corresponding residues
in HT c552. We also found that stability of
mutant proteins to denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride correlated
with that against the thermal denaturation. These results and others
described here suggest that significant stabilization of PA
c551 can be achieved through a few amino acid
substitutions determined by molecular modeling with reference to the
structure of HT c552. The higher stability of
HT c552 may in part be attributed to some of
these substitutions.
*
This work was supported in part by grants from the Japanese
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
§
To whom correspondence and requests for reprints may be addressed:
Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-16-13 Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo
134-8630, Japan. Fax: 81-3-5696-8336; E-mail:
haseg7li@daiichipharm.co.jp.
**
Supported by a fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion
of Science.
§§
Supported by a fellowship from the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science and by grants from the Naito Foundation and the
Wellcome Trust. To whom correspondence and requests for reprints may be
addressed. Present address: Institute of Scientific and Industrial
Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; E-mail:
sambongi@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 1999 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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