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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 34, 30425-30428, August 23, 2002
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From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics,
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey
Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, New
Jersey 07101 and the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 61-704 Pozna Homocysteine is thought to be a non-protein amino
acid. However, in vitro studies suggest that homocysteine
is likely to be incorporated by indirect mechanisms into proteins in
living organisms. Here I show that homocysteine is a protein amino acid
in humans. Homocysteine bound by amide or peptide linkages
(Hcy-N-protein) is present in human hemoglobin, serum
albumin, and This paper is dedicated to Professor Jerzy Pawe
ACCELERATED PUBLICATION
Homocysteine Is a Protein Amino Acid in Humans
IMPLICATIONS FOR HOMOCYSTEINE-LINKED DISEASE*
, Poland
-globulins. 1 molecule of homocysteine per 1000 or 1670 molecules of methionine was present in hemoglobin or albumin,
respectively. Other proteins, such as low density lipoprotein, high
density lipoprotein, transferrin, antitrypsin, and fibrinogen,
contained lower amounts of Hcy-N-protein. In human plasma,
levels of Hcy-N-protein represented from 0.3 to 23% of
total homocysteine. Thus, Hcy-N-protein is a significant component of homocysteine metabolism in humans, possibly contributing to adverse effects of homocysteine on human cells.
*
This research was supported by grants from the National
Science Foundation, the American Heart Association, and the Foundation of UMDNJ.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 973-972-8733;
Fax: 973-972-8982; E-mail: jakubows@umdnj.edu.
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