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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 49, 47385-47392, December 6, 2002
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From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for
Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9503, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
Zeste is a Drosophila
sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that performs a variety of
functions during chromatin-directed gene regulation. Its DNA-binding
domain (DBD) was previously identified, but no similarities to
established DNA-binding structures are known. Here we present sequence
comparisons suggesting that the Zeste-DBD is a novel variant of the
tri-helical Myb-DBD. Using band shift assays, we mapped the Zeste-DBD
to 76 residues, corresponding to a single Myb repeat of only 50 residues. All residues involved in formation of the hydrophobic core of
the Myb domain are conserved in Zeste, suggesting it forms an extended
Myb domain. Mutagenesis studies determined (T/C/g)GAGTG(A/G/c) as the
consensus Zeste recognition sequence. Reconstituted transcription
experiments established that deviations from this optimal consensus
compromise transcriptional activation by Zeste. In addition, flanking
DNA is critical because Zeste-DBD binding requires a DNA sequence of
minimally 16 base pairs, which is much longer than the consensus site.
The DNA flanking the consensus is contacted by Zeste through sequence-independent backbone contacts. Interestingly, hydroxyl radical footprinting revealed that the Zeste-DNA backbone contacts all
map to one face of the DNA. We compare the DNA-binding properties of
Zeste with those of classical tri-helical DBDs harboring a helix-turn-helix motif and suggest a model for Zeste-DNA recognition.
Characterization of the Extended Myb-like DNA-binding Domain of
Trithorax Group Protein Zeste*
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.:
31-71-527-6325 or 31-71-527-6115; Fax: 31-71-527-6284; E-mail:
verrijzer@lumc.nl.
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