| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Papers In Press, published online ahead of print July 1, 2002
Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101-1709
Corresponding Author: jakubows{at}umdnj.edu
Homocysteine is thought to be a non-protein amino acid. However, in vitro studies suggest that homocysteine is likely to be incorporated by indirect mechanisms into proteins in living organisms. Here I show that homocysteine is a protein amino acid in humans. Homocysteine bound by amide or peptide linkages (Hcy-N-protein), is present in human hemoglobin, serum albumin, and g-globulins. One molecule of homocysteine per 1000 or 1670 molecules of methionine was present in hemoglobin or albumin, respectively. Other proteins, such as low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, transferrin, anti-trypsin, and fibrinogen, contained lower amounts of Hcy-N-protein. In human plasma, levels of Hcy-N-protein represented from 0.3 to 23 % of total homocysteine. Thus, Hcy-N-protein is a significant component of Hcy metabolism in humans, possibly contributing to adverse effects of Hcy on human cells.
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.C200267200
Submitted on May 3, 2002
Revised on June 25, 2002
Accepted on July 1, 2002
Homocysteine is a protein amino acid in humans: Implications for homocysteine-linked disease
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. Undas, M. Kolarz, G. Kopec, R. Glowacki, E. Placzkiewicz-Jankowska, and W. Tracz Autoantibodies against N-homocysteinylated proteins in patients on long-term haemodialysis Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., June 1, 2007; 22(6): 1685 - 1689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Chwatko, G. H. J. Boers, K. A. Strauss, D. M. Shih, and H. Jakubowski Mutations in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase or cystathionine {beta}-syntase gene, or a high-methionine diet, increase homocysteine thiolactone levels in humans and mice FASEB J, June 1, 2007; 21(8): 1707 - 1713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. L. Hortin, N. Seam, and G. T. Hoehn Bound Homocysteine, Cysteine, and Cysteinylglycine Distribution between Albumin and Globulins Clin. Chem., December 1, 2006; 52(12): 2258 - 2264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Zinellu, E. Zinellu, S. Sotgia, M. Formato, G. M. Cherchi, L. Deiana, and C. Carru Factors Affecting S-Homocysteinylation of LDL Apoprotein B Clin. Chem., November 1, 2006; 52(11): 2054 - 2059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Zimny, M. Sikora, A. Guranowski, and H. Jakubowski Protective Mechanisms against Homocysteine Toxicity: THE ROLE OF BLEOMYCIN HYDROLASE J. Biol. Chem., August 11, 2006; 281(32): 22485 - 22492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Undas, J. Brozek, M. Jankowski, Z. Siudak, A. Szczeklik, and H. Jakubowski Plasma Homocysteine Affects Fibrin Clot Permeability and Resistance to Lysis in Human Subjects Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2006; 26(6): 1397 - 1404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Jakubowski Pathophysiological Consequences of Homocysteine Excess J. Nutr., June 1, 2006; 136(6): 1741S - 1749S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. L. Tuite, K. R. Fraser, and C. P. O'Byrne Homocysteine Toxicity in Escherichia coli Is Caused by a Perturbation of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis J. Bacteriol., July 1, 2005; 187(13): 4362 - 4371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Chwatko and H. Jakubowski Urinary Excretion of Homocysteine-Thiolactone in Humans Clin. Chem., February 1, 2005; 51(2): 408 - 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. F. Perna, D. Ingrosso, E. Satta, C. Lombardi, P. Galletti, A. D'Aniello, and N. G. De Santo Plasma Protein Aspartyl Damage Is Increased in Hemodialysis Patients: Studies on Causes and Consequences J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2004; 15(10): 2747 - 2754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Undas, J. Perla, M. Lacinski, W. Trzeciak, R. Kazmierski, and H. Jakubowski Autoantibodies Against N-Homocysteinylated Proteins in Humans: Implications for Atherosclerosis Stroke, June 1, 2004; 35(6): 1299 - 1304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Glowacki and H. Jakubowski Cross-talk between Cys34 and Lysine Residues in Human Serum Albumin Revealed by N-Homocysteinylation J. Biol. Chem., March 19, 2004; 279(12): 10864 - 10871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Lim, S. Sengupta, M. E. McComb, R. Theberge, W. G. Wilson, C. E. Costello, and D. W. Jacobsen In Vitro and in Vivo Interactions of Homocysteine with Human Plasma Transthyretin J. Biol. Chem., December 12, 2003; 278(50): 49707 - 49713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Jakubowski and A. Guranowski Metabolism of Homocysteine-thiolactone in Plants J. Biol. Chem., February 21, 2003; 278(9): 6765 - 6770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| All ASBMB Journals | Molecular and Cellular Proteomics |
| Journal of Lipid Research | ASBMB Today |
