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JBC, Vol. 250, Issue 10, 4007-4021, May, 1975
P. H. O'Farrell
A technique has been developed for the separation of proteins by
two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Due to its resolution
and sensitivity, this technique is a powerful tool for the analysis and
detection of proteins from complex biological sources. Proteins are
separated according to isoelectric point by isoelectric focusing in the
first dimension, and according to molecular weight by sodium dodecyl
sulfate electrophoresis in the second dimension. Since these two parameters
are unrelated, it is possible to obtain an almost uniform distribution of
protein spots across a two-diminsional gel. This technique has resolved
1100 different components from Escherichia coli and should be capable of
resolving a maximum of 5000 proteins. A protein containing as little as one
disintegration per min of either 14C or 35S can be detected by
autoradiography. A protein which constitutes 10 minus 4 to 10 minus 5% of
the total protein can be detected and quantified by autoradiography. The
reproducibility of the separation is sufficient to permit each spot on one
separation to be matched with a spot on a different separation. This
technique provides a method for estimation (at the described sensitivities)
of the number of proteins made by any biological system. This system can
resolve proteins differing in a single charge and consequently can be used
in the analysis of in vivo modifications resulting in a change in charge.
Proteins whose charge is changed by missense mutations can be identified. A
detailed description of the methods as well as the characteristics of this
system are presented.
High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins
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