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Papers In Press, published online ahead of print May 22, 2001
Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
Corresponding Author: jjkim{at}mcw.edu
NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase catalyzes transfer of electrons from NADPH, via two flavin cofactors, to various cytochromes P450. The crystal structure of the rat reductase complexed with NADP+ has revealed that nicotinamide access to FAD is blocked by an aromatic residue (W677), which stacks against the re-face of the isoalloxazine ring of the flavin. To investigate the nature of interactions between the nicotinamide, FAD, and W677 during the catalytic cycle, three mutant proteins were studied by crystallography. The first mutant, W677X, has the last two C-terminal residues, W677 and S678, removed; while the second mutant, W677G, retains the C-terminal serine residue. The third mutant has three catalytic residues substituted: S457A, C630A, and D675N. In the W677X and W677G structures, the nicotinamide moiety of NADP+ lies against the FAD isoalloxazine ring with a tilt of approximately 30° between the planes of the two rings. These results, together with the S457A/C630A/D675N structure, allow us to propose a mechanism for hydride transfer regulated by changes in hydrogen bonding and pi-pi interactions between the isoalloxazine ring and either the nicotinamide ring or W677 indole ring. Superimposition of the mutant and wild-type structures shows significant mobility between the two flavin domains of the enzyme. This, together with the high degree of disorder observed in the FMN domain of all three mutant structures, suggests that conformational changes occur during catalysis.
J. Biol. Chem, 10.1074/jbc.M101731200
Submitted on February 24, 2001
Revised on May 8, 2001
Accepted on May 22, 2001
NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase: structural basis for hydride and electron transfer
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