On The Cover: The melanization triggered by the activation of prophenoloxidase is a major innate immune reaction and is vital for the survival and development of invertebrates. The cover shows how insect's melanin synthesis is tightly regulated by two prophenoloxidase-activating factors, such as clip-domain containing serine proteinase and serine protease homologue. Cover art was done by Sung Kye Kim and Bok Luel Lee. For details see the article by Kan et al., pages 25316–25323.

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